"However, exactly why optimistic people appear to live longer is still up for debate," Lee said. The results were maintained after accounting for age, demographic factors such as educational attainment, chronic diseases, depression and also health behaviours, such as alcohol use, exercise, diet and primary care visits. When individuals were compared based on their initial levels of optimism, the researchers found that the most optimistic men and women demonstrated, on average, an 11 to 15 per cent longer lifespan, and had 50-70 per cent greater odds of reaching the age of 85 compared to the least optimistic groups. Women were followed for 10 years, while men were followed for 30 years. Both groups completed survey measures to assess their level of optimism, as well as their overall health and health habits such as diet, smoking and alcohol use. The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was based on 69,744 women and 1,429 men. Interestingly, optimism may be modifiable using relatively simple techniques or therapies," Lee added. "This study has strong public health relevance because it suggests that optimism is one such psychosocial asset that has the potential to extend the human lifespan. "While research has identified many risk factors for diseases and premature death, we know relatively less about positive psychosocial factors that can promote healthy aging," said Lewina Lee, Assistant Professor at the Boston University. Researchers have found that individuals with greater optimism are more likely to live longer and achieve "exceptional longevity".
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